TOBACCO FARMING

OVERCOMING AN UNDERSTATED IMPEDIMENT TO COMPREHENSIVE TOBACCO CONTROL

Tobacco growing received important recognition in the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) through the inclusion of articles (17 and 18). Importantly, Article 17 of the FCTC highlights the need to support economically viable alternatives to tobacco growing. Many countries have taken measures to reduce tobacco growing including financial inducements to move away from tobacco growing, elimination of subsidies for tobacco-based enterprises and investment in alternative economic opportunities for farmers.

This paper reviews the economic, environmental and policy context of tobacco growing with an emphasis on the past decade of empirical work on the political economy of tobacco supply and introduces strategies to pursue alternatives.

TOBACCO CONTROL LANDSCAPE

LANDSCAPE OF TOBACCO CONTROL IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Of 8 million tobacco-related deaths annually, 80% occur in low/middle-income countries (LMICs). Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has the lowest tobacco use prevalence and the youngest population, but the region has witnessed the largest relative increase in the number of tobacco users than in other regions, making it the predicted future tobacco epidemic epicentre.

This paper explores the tobacco control policy/advocacy, media and economic landscape in Sub Saharan Africa, as well as key challenges and priorities.

WARNINGS

This report – Cigarette Package Health Warnings: International Status Report – provides an international overview ranking 205 countries/ jurisdictions based on warning size, and lists those that have finalized requirements for pictorial warnings. Regional breakdowns are also provided. This report is in its fifth edition, with the fourth edition dated September 2014.

CIGARETTE PACKAGE HEALTH WARNINGS
This report – Cigarette Package Health Warnings: International Status Report – provides an international overview ranking 205 countries/ jurisdictions based on warning size, and lists those that have finalized requirements for pictorial warnings. Regional breakdowns are also provided. This report is in its fifth edition, with the fourth edition dated September 2014.


Tobacco industry strategies to undermine tobacco control activities at the World Health Organization:

Evidence from tobacco industry documents reveals that tobacco companies have operated for many years with the deliberate purpose of subverting the efforts of the World Health Organization (WHO) to control tobacco use.


Technical resource for country implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control Article 5.3:

This technical resource presents information to support the implementation of the Article 5.3 Guidelines by sharing practical action steps and best practices and examples applicable to the implementation of Article 5.3.


WHAT IS SECOND-HAND SMOKE?


Second-hand tobacco smoke is the combination of smoke emitted from the burning end of a cigarette or other tobacco products and smoke exhaled by the smoker. SHS contains thousands of known chemicals, at least 250 of which are known to be carcinogenic or otherwise toxic.

Protection from exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke.Policy recommendations,WHO


Tobacco industry interference with tobacco control

This document describes the spectrum of tobacco industry practices that interfere with tobacco control and provides Parties to the WHO FCTC the background and contextual information that may assist in implementing the WHO FCTC Article 5.3 guidelines.


Tobacco industry and corporate responsibility … an inherent contradiction
This document has been developed by WHO’S Tobacco Free Initiative, pursuant to WHA Resolution 54.18, Transparency in Tobacco Control Process, that “calls on WHO to continue to inform Member States on activities of the tobacco industry that have negative impact on tobacco control efforts”.


The Development of Philip Morris’s position on environmental tobacco smoke for its website
This paper focuses on the development of Philip Morris’s position on Environmental Tobacco Smoke [ETS] for its websites. It also addresses how Philip Morris set out to develop the content and format of its websites to communicate with opinion leaders and the general public in a way that would enhance the company’s image.


Tobacco Industry Targeting of Women and Girls
The tobacco companies have long understood the importance of women and girls in the overall market for cigarettes and as a source of new customers. They have developed some of the most aggressive and sophisticated marketing campaigns in history for reaching and influencing women and girls.


Tobacco Company Marketing to Kids

Tobacco industry documents, research on the effect of the cigarette companies’ marketing efforts on kids, and the opinions of advertising experts combine to reveal the intent and the success of the industry’s efforts to attract new smokers from the ranks of children.


Tobacco Company Marketing that Reaches Kids: Point of Sale Advertising and Promotions

Point of sale (POS) advertising and promotions refer to a variety of marketing practices, including signs on the interior and exterior of retail stores, functional items like counter mats and change cups, shelving displays, and coupons and other price discounts that reduce the price for the consumer.


Cigarette Company Youth Access Initiatives: Fake and Ineffective

To block the rigorous enforcement of effective federal, state, or local laws to prevent illegal sales of tobacco products to youth, the tobacco industry regularly claims that its own voluntary “anti-youth-access” programs will adequately protect against such sales to kids. But those voluntary programs are inherently flawed….


Tobacco Companies Cannot Survive Unless Kids Smoke

The big tobacco companies have initiated massive public relations campaigns to persuade government policymakers and the public that they are now responsible corporate citizens. Central to this effort are the tobacco companies’ claims that they do not market to kids. But they are lying.


Tobacco Company Quotes on Marketing to Kids

Philip Morris (Marlboro, Virginia Slims, Benson & Hedges): “Marlboro’s phenomenal growth rate in the past has been attributable in large part to our high market penetration among young smokers … 15 to 19 years old . . . ”


The tobacco industry documents: What they are, what they tell us and how to search them. A practical manual
This is a manual about the tobacco industry documents released by US-based tobacco companies as a result of lawsuits filed against them in the USA.


The FCTC Article 5.3 Toolkit: Guidance for Governments on Preventing Tobacco Industry Interference
The Union’s FCTC Article 5.3 Toolkit: Guidance for Governments on Preventing Tobacco Industry Interference provides step-by-step guidance on the key legislative and policy elements of a strategy to safeguard laws and policies from tobacco industry interference.

This report – Cigarette Package Health Warnings: International Status Report – provides an international overview ranking 205 countries/ jurisdictions based on warning size, and lists those that have finalized requirements for pictorial warnings. Regional breakdowns are also provided. This report is in its fifth edition, with the fourth edition dated September 2014.


Tobacco industry strategies to undermine tobacco control activities at the World Health Organization:

Evidence from tobacco industry documents reveals that tobacco companies have operated for many years with the deliberate purpose of subverting the efforts of the World Health Organization (WHO) to control tobacco use.


Technical resource for country implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control Article 5.3:

This technical resource presents information to support the implementation of the Article 5.3 Guidelines by sharing practical action steps and best practices and examples applicable to the implementation of Article 5.3.


Tobacco industry interference with tobacco control

This document describes the spectrum of tobacco industry practices that interfere with tobacco control and provides Parties to the WHO FCTC the background and contextual information that may assist in implementing the WHO FCTC Article 5.3 guidelines.


Tobacco industry and corporate responsibility … an inherent contradiction
This document has been developed by WHO’S Tobacco Free Initiative, pursuant to WHA Resolution 54.18, Transparency in Tobacco Control Process, that “calls on WHO to continue to inform Member States on activities of the tobacco industry that have negative impact on tobacco control efforts”.


The Development of Philip Morris’s position on environmental tobacco smoke for its website
This paper focuses on the development of Philip Morris’s position on Environmental Tobacco Smoke [ETS] for its websites. It also addresses how Philip Morris set out to develop the content and format of its websites to communicate with opinion leaders and the general public in a way that would enhance the company’s image.


Tobacco Industry Targeting of Women and Girls
The tobacco companies have long understood the importance of women and girls in the overall market for cigarettes and as a source of new customers. They have developed some of the most aggressive and sophisticated marketing campaigns in history for reaching and influencing women and girls.


Tobacco Company Marketing to Kids

Tobacco industry documents, research on the effect of the cigarette companies’ marketing efforts on kids, and the opinions of advertising experts combine to reveal the intent and the success of the industry’s efforts to attract new smokers from the ranks of children.


Tobacco Company Marketing that Reaches Kids: Point of Sale Advertising and Promotions

Point of sale (POS) advertising and promotions refer to a variety of marketing practices, including signs on the interior and exterior of retail stores, functional items like counter mats and change cups, shelving displays, and coupons and other price discounts that reduce the price for the consumer.


Cigarette Company Youth Access Initiatives: Fake and Ineffective

To block the rigorous enforcement of effective federal, state, or local laws to prevent illegal sales of tobacco products to youth, the tobacco industry regularly claims that its own voluntary “anti-youth-access” programs will adequately protect against such sales to kids. But those voluntary programs are inherently flawed….


Tobacco Companies Cannot Survive Unless Kids Smoke

The big tobacco companies have initiated massive public relations campaigns to persuade government policymakers and the public that they are now responsible corporate citizens. Central to this effort are the tobacco companies’ claims that they do not market to kids. But they are lying.


Tobacco Company Quotes on Marketing to Kids

Philip Morris (Marlboro, Virginia Slims, Benson & Hedges): “Marlboro’s phenomenal growth rate in the past has been attributable in large part to our high market penetration among young smokers … 15 to 19 years old . . . ”


The tobacco industry documents: What they are, what they tell us and how to search them. A practical manual
This is a manual about the tobacco industry documents released by US-based tobacco companies as a result of lawsuits filed against them in the USA.


The FCTC Article 5.3 Toolkit: Guidance for Governments on Preventing Tobacco Industry Interference
The Union’s FCTC Article 5.3 Toolkit: Guidance for Governments on Preventing Tobacco Industry Interference provides step-by-step guidance on the key legislative and policy elements of a strategy to safeguard laws and policies from tobacco industry interference.

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